
Petrus Christus is credited with introducing one-point perspective to Northern European painting. He employs the technique in this painting, his largest known work, which originally included two wings, later destroyed during World War II. Christus' interpretation of the Death of the Virgin, attended by the apostles, is unusual because it shows in one painting the three episodes of the story. The Virgin lies on her deathbed holding a lighted candle, a symbol of her faith. Above, her soul ascends to God the Father. On the far right, an angel drops the Virgin's girdle to Saint Thomas as proof of her Assumption, body and soul, into heaven.
Sciacca, Sicily, 16th century; Gaetano Consiglio, Sciacca, until 1856; Marianna Consiglio, until 1865; Giuseppe Santacanale Denti, Palermo,
by 1865 [1]; Villa Santa Canale, Bagheria, Sicily; Sold, Knoedler & Co., New York, 1938 [2]; Acquired by the Putnam Foundation, 1951
Provenance Notes:
New York, M. Knoedler and Co., 1942, An Exhibition of Flemish Primitives, pp. 22, 23, ill.; Cambridge, Mass., Fogg Art Museum, 1948, Early Flemish Painting; Washington, D.C., National Gallery of Art, extended loan, 1952-65; New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994, Petrus Christus: Renaissance Master of Bruges, cat. by Maryan W. Ainsworth, pp. 146-53, no. 15, ill.
Adolfo Venturi, Storia dell'arte italiana 7, pt. 4 (Milan, 1915), p.172, fig.1oo (before cleaning), as "Maestro della Meta del'4oo"; Raimond van Marle, The Development of the Italian Schools of Painting, 19 vols. (The Hague, 1934; reprint, New York, I970), 15:402; Doris Brian, "The
Masters of Gothic Flanders," Art News 41 (April 15-30, 1942): 14, 16, cover ill.; "Flemish Primitives," Magazine of Art 35 (May 1942): 168-69,
ill.; Helen Comstock, "The Connoisseur in America," Connoisseur 110 (October I942): 6o, ill; Joseph van der Elst, The Last Flowering of the
Middle Ages (Garden City, N.Y., 1944), p. 70, pl. 47; Max). Friedlander, "The Death of the Virgin by Petrus Christus," Burlington Magazine 88 (July 1946): 159-63, ill. opp. p. 159, pl. lie, d; Germain Bazin, "Petrus Christus et les rapports entre l'Italie et a Flandre au milieu du XVe si ècle," La Revue des arts 2 (December, 1952): 194-209; Erwin Panofsky, Early Netherlandish Painting, 2 vols. (Cambridge, Mass., 1953), 1: no. 8, p. 490 n. 5; "Countrywide Loans from California," Art News 55 (November 1956): 33; Josua Bruyn, Van Eyck Problem en (Utrecht, 1957), pp. 111, 113,119, pl. 40; Liana Castelfranchi Vegas, "I rapporti italia-fiandra, II," Paragone, no. 201 (November 1:966): 48, pl. 33; Giorgio T. Faggin, Petrus Christus (Milan, 1966), pp. 1, 4; Agnes Mongan and Elizabeth Mongan, European Paintings in the Timken Art Gallery (San Diego, 1969), pp. 46, 47, 114-15, no. 14, ill.; Lola Gellman, "Death of the Virgin by Petrus Christus: An Altarpiece Reconstructed," Burlington Magazine 112 (March 1970): 146-48, ill; id., "Petrus Christus" (Ph.D. diss., The Johns Hopkins University, 1970),
pp. 244-52,450-54, no. 20 A; Charles Sterling, "Observations on Petrus Christus," Art Bulletin 53 (March 1971):1-3, 8, 21., fig.1; Joel M. Upton, "Petrus Christus" (Ph.D. diss., Bryn Mawr College, 1972), pp. 159-64 -392-96, no. 26; Peter H. Schabacker, Petrus Christus (Utrecht, 1974), pp.132-34, as work erroneously attributed to Christus; Ursula Panhans-Bühler, Eklelctizismus und Originalität im Werk des Petrus Christus (Vienna, 1978), pp. 17, 34, 72-74, 123-25,131-36, no. 76, pl. 34; James M. Collier, "The Kansas City Petrus Christus: Its Importance and Its Dating," Nelson Gallery and Atkins Museum Bulletin 5 (September I979): 27, 28, 34, fig. 4; Joanne Wright, "Antonello da Messina: The Origins of His Style and Technique," Art History 3 (March 1980): 44, 56; Maria Grazia Paolini, "Problemi antonelliani i rapporti con la pittura fiamminga," Storia dell'Arte, nos.38-40 (1980): 163-65; A. T. Lurie, "Newly Discovered Eyckian St. John the Baptist in a Landscape," Cleveland Museum Bulletin 67 (April 1981):105, 109, 118; Martin E. Petersen, "Three Centuries of European Paintings, 1300-16oo," Apollo 1I5 (June 1982): 441, pl. 1; Timken Art Gallery: European and American Works of Art in the Putnam Foundation Collection (San Diego, x983), pp. 30-31,11.7, no. 8, ill.; Joel M. Upton, Petrus Christus: His Place in Fifteenth-Century Flemish Painting (London, 1.990), pp. 44, 65, 71-77, fig. 64; Hans J. van Miegroet, "Petrus Christus, The Death of the Virgin," in Flemish Paintings in America (Antwerp, 1992), pp. 6o-62; id., "Afterthoughts and Challenges to Modern-Day Connoisseurship," in id., ed., Petrus Christus in Renaissance Bruges: An Interdisciplinary Approach (New York and Turnhout, 1995), pp. 205-14.
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